Cytogenetic Analysis of Down Syndrome Patients in Eastern Uttar Pradesh.

Introduction: Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 is the mostcommon type of chromosomal abnormalities in new-born.There are three types regular (Free) Trisomy 21, Translocationand Mosaic Trisomy 21. One third cases of Down syndrome,clinical diagnosis may not be confirmed. Therefore, in thisstudy we aimed to confirm the suspected Down syndromepatients by a cytogenetic analysis and also evaluate the riskfactors associated with Down syndrome.Material and methods: Total 30 suspected Down syndromepatients with aged between days 2 to 20 years old wereincluded in this study, on the basis of well-defined inclusioncriteria. The cytogenetic analysis, karyotype was carriedout for all 30 suspected patients from peripheral blood andstaining with Giemsa (G-Banding).Results: Total of 30 children were included in which 16patients with Down syndrome and 14 with normal. Regular(Free) Trisomy 21 was found in 93.75% patients andtranslocation was seen in 6.25% case. Whereas Mosaicdown syndrome was not seen in any cases. Among Downsyndrome, 10 (62.50%) were males. The mean maternal ageat birth was significantly higher (31.94±3.04 years) in DownsyndromeConclusion: Our results suggest that regular trisomy 21 ismore common in Down syndrome cases. Moreover, highermaternal age was the major risk factor for Down’s syndrome

Etiopathogenesis of vaginal discharge among married women in reproductive age group residing in rural area of Bhojipura District, Western Uttar Pradesh

Background: Vaginitis is one of common medical problem in women that often results in frequent medical consultations. Aim was to study the clinico-epidemiological profile and etiopathogenesis of various causes of vaginal discharge among females in age group 18-45 years residing in rural area of Bhojipura district.Methods: This Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted over a period of one year (March 2011 to February 2012) among 150 females aged 18-45 years presenting with the complaint of vaginal discharge. Information on sociodemographic data was obtained with the aid of questionnaires. Samples were obtained with two dry cotton-wool tipped swabs from vaginal fornices and were sending to department of microbiology.Results: The prevalence rate of vaginal discharge was found to be 24.6% among females in reproductive age group attending the outpatient department from rural background. Out of 150 patients who were enrolled for study 86 (57.30%) were diagnosed with non-infective discharge while 64 (42.60%) patients with infective discharge. Bacterial vaginosis was detected in 25 (39.1%), Candida albicans was detected in 23 (35.9%), T. vaginalis in 4 (6.3%) and mixed infections were found in 12 (18.7%). According to vagina flora morphology 85 (56.6%) had normal morphology, 30 (20%) had shift from normal flora and 35 (23.3%) had definitive bacterial vaginosis. About 20.5% females with Candida based etiology were diabetic.Conclusions: Some common reproductive tract infections can be diagnosed and managed at primary level health facilities. This promotes community awareness through behavior change communication which includes safer sex practices, awareness of HIV and appropriate and timely health care seeking behavior.

A study of spectrum and fetomaternal outcome of Jaundice in pregnant women: an experience from a tertiary referral centre of North India

Background: Pregnancy in jaundice is an important Medical disorder, commonly seen in developing countries like India. The objective of the study was to evaluate the causes leading to jaundice in pregnancy and to analyse the feto-maternal outcome in patients of jaundice in pregnancy.Methods: This was a prospective observational study of antenatal cases with jaundice admitted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow over a period of one year after getting approval of ethical clearance. Total 122 cases were enrolled after informed consent.Results: Total of 122 cases were enrolled, Incidence of jaundice in pregnancy was 1.2%. Majority of patients were of age group 20-25 years 48.4%. About 69.7% presented at gestational age of 29-40 weeks. Most common cause was pre-eclampsia 33.6%, followed by cholestasis 23.75% and hepatitis 17.2%. Amongst hepatitis, most common was hepatitis B in 26.7%. Out of 122 cases, 59.8% delivered while 50.2% were undelivered 52.4% patients improved and were discharged while 47.6% patients expired. Vaginal deliveries were 56.1%, abdominal deliveries were 43.9%, and main reason for maternal mortality was hepatic encephalopathy in 64.6%. Mortality was higher in patients with total bilirubin > 10mg%. Perinatal mortality was 37%.Conclusions: Pregnancy complicated with jaundice carries very poor maternal and fetal outcome. Poor outcome may be attributed to delay in seeking medical advice, lack of awareness, lack of proper antenatal checkups 100% ANC booking can help in reducing fetomaternal morbidity and mortality.